Temporal effects
Effects of music in service environments: a field study
Analyses revealed that individuals reported themselves as shopping longer when exposed to familiar music but actually shopped longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.
Read MoreThe effects of music in a retail setting on real and perceived shopping times
Analyses revealed that individuals reported themselves as shopping longer when exposed to familiar music but actually shopped longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.
Read MoreThe influence of music tempo and musical preference on restaurant patron's behavior
The article reports research into the effect of music tempo and musical preference on consumer behavior in a restaurant. The research investigates the extent to which these two variables influence actual and perceived time spent dining, the amount of money spent, and outcomes in terms of enjoyment of the experience and future behavioral intentions. The results show that music preference provided a better explanation of actual time spent dining than tempo, although neither variable had a significant effect on perceived time. Time spent in the restaurant was the most powerful predictor of money spent in the restaurant. Finally, the outcomes of the restaurant encounter were found to be significantly related to musical preference, but the effects of music tempo were nonsignificant. 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Read MoreMusical tempo (fast/slow) and waiting perceptions
There is a significant positive relationship between background musical tempo and temporal perception. However, the significance of the relationship decreased when actual waiting time exceeded 15 min. The slow tempo treatment was the only treatment in which the mean perceived duration was shorter than the mean actual wait. Findings also revealed how slow-tempo music produced significantly enhanced affective response (satisfaction, positive disconfirmation of expectations, and relaxation) compared to fast-tempo music.
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