Questionnaire design with a 7-point Likert-type scale
(1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree)
A) Customers’ perception of dining environments
Rate each dinescape:
Facility aesthetics
– Attractive paintings and/or pictures.
– Appealing wall décor.
– Beautiful plants and/or flowers.
– Warm colors.
– High-quality furniture.
Lighting
– Warm lighting.
– Welcoming lighting.
– Comfortable lighting.
Ambience
– Relaxing music.
– Pleasing music.
– Comfortable temperature Enticing aroma.
Layout
– Enough seat space
– Crowded seating arrangement – Easy-to-move layout
Dining equipment
– High-quality tableware.
– Attractive linens.
– Attractive table setting.
Employees
– Attractive employees.
– Neat and well-dressed. employees.
B) Emotional states
Pleasure
Unhappy—happy.
Annoyed—pleased.
Bored—entertained.
Disappointed—delighted.
Arousal
Depressed—cheerful.
Calm—excited.
Indifferent—surprised.
C) Behavioural intentions
Patronage.
Recommendation.
Staying longer
Spending more.
“I would like to come back to this restaurant in the future”
“I would recommend this restaurant to my friends”
“I am willing to stay longer than I planned at this restaurant”
“I am willing to spend more than I planned at this restaurant”